San Diego goldenstar

Basic Information

Common Name: San Diego Goldenstar
Scientific Name: Bloomeria clevelandii
Species Code: BLOCLE
Management Category: SS (species not considered at risk of loss but still requires management)

Species Information

MSP Species Background

Goals and Objectives

Goal: Maintain or enhance existing San Diego goldenstar occurrences to ensure multiple conserved occurrences with self sustaining populations to increase resilience to environmental and demographic stochasticity, maintain genetic diversity, and improve chances of persistence over the long term (>100 years) in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, grassland, and vernal pool/alkali playa vegetation communities.

regional and/or local NFO 2018, 2020 SS

MON-IMP-IMG BLOCLE-1

Management units: 3, 4, 6

Beginning in 2018, inspect extant San Diego goldenstar occurrences on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table) using the regional rare plant IMG monitoring protocol to record abundance and collect habitat and threats covariate data to determine management needs. After 2018, repeat monitoring every 2 years, unless an occurrence is small (<100 individuals) or faces a high degree of threat, in which case monitor annually.

Action	Statement	Action status	Projects
IMP-1	Based upon occurrence status and threats, determine management needs including whether routine management or more intensive management is warranted.	on hold
IMP-2	Submit project metadata, monitoring datasets and management recommendations to the MSP Web Portal.	on hold

Criteria	Deadline year
Surveys Completed Every 2 Years with Management Recommendations	2021

Threat Name	Threat Code
Altered fire regime	ALTFIR
Human uses of the Preserves	HUMUSE
Invasive plants	INVPLA
Urban development	URBDEV

Code	Obj. code	Statement
BLOCLE-2	MGT-IMP-IMG	Beginning in 2017, conduct routine management actions as identified through the IMG monitoring conducted in 2016, 2018, and 2020 at San Diego goldenstar occurrence(s) on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table). Depending on the type and level of threat, management should be conducted as needed, not necessarily every year, and using BMPs with precautions to do no harm.

local NFO 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 SS

MGT-IMP-IMG BLOCLE-2

Management units: 3, 4, 6

Beginning in 2017, conduct routine management actions as identified through the IMG monitoring conducted in 2016, 2018, and 2020 at San Diego goldenstar occurrence(s) on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table). Depending on the type and level of threat, management should be conducted as needed, not necessarily every year, and using BMPs with precautions to do no harm.

Action	Statement	Action status	Projects
IMP-1	Perform as needed routine management activities, such as protecting occurrences from disturbance through fencing and enforcement and controlling invasive non-native plant species =20% absolute cover.	available for implementation
IMP-2	Submit project metadata and management data to the MSP Web Portal.	available for implementation

Criteria	Deadline year
Routine Management Completed as Needed Based Upon Monitoring Recommendations	2021

Threat Name	Threat Code
Altered fire regime	ALTFIR
Human uses of the Preserves	HUMUSE
Invasive plants	INVPLA
Urban development	URBDEV

Code	Obj. code	Statement
BLOCLE-1	MON-IMP-IMG	Beginning in 2018, inspect extant San Diego goldenstar occurrences on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table) using the regional rare plant IMG monitoring protocol to record abundance and collect habitat and threats covariate data to determine management needs. After 2018, repeat monitoring every 2 years, unless an occurrence is small (<100 individuals) or faces a high degree of threat, in which case monitor annually.


Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026 From 2014-2026, a Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (MSP Roadmap) monitoring objective for 30 rare plant species is to inspect occurrences to determine management needs. The inspect and manage (IMG) objective is implemented to document the status of rare plant occurrences and assess habitats and threats to develop specific management recommendations. IMG monitoring is implemented by a combination of land managers and contracted biologists in coordination with the SDMMP. Available rare plant data is posted below. New annual updates are typically posted in March. Based upon an evaluation of these data, a 2014-2026 monitoring schedule has been developed for the 30 rare plant species (attached below). Coordinating data collection across the region allows analyses of species and population trends over time and provides a better understanding of the association between habitat and threat covariates and population dynamics.
Valley Fire Rare Plant Discovery Surveys A project between the SDMMP and US Forest Service to establish and prioritize survey areas on Conserved Lands within the perimeter of the 2020 Valley Fire to document whether historic occurrences are extant and to discover new occurrences for 18 rare plant species. In 2022, AECOM and Conservation Biology Institute botanists surveyed areas for 18 target rare plant species and mapped the spatial extent of each new occurrence, counted or estimated the occurrence population size, and collected voucher specimens. They also photographed each new occurrence from a georeferenced location that captured a representative view of the occurrence. Botanists created a species list for the areas surveyed within the Valley Fire footprint. These areas included locations where rare plants were detected and mapped and negative data point areas where rare plants were not detected. In 2023, botanists shall again conduct surveys on suitable habitat on USFS lands burned in the 2020 Valley Fire. Results from these surveys should lead to a greater understanding of post-fire rare plant composition. In 2023, botanists may see species that did not emerge in the first year of surveys, and species found in the first year of surveys may have expanded their range. The 18 rare plant species included in the surveys are: San Diego thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia), Marvin's allium (Allium marvinii), Western spleenwort (Asplenium vespertinum), Deane's milkvetch (Astragalus deanei), Encinitas baccharis (Baccharis vanessae), San Diego goldenstar (Bloomeria clevelandii), Orcutt's brodiaea (Brodiaea orcuttii), Lakeside ceanothus (Ceanothus cyaneus), San Miguel savory (Clinopodium chandleri), Variegated dudleya (Dudleya variegata), Mission Canyon bluecup (Githopsis diffusa filicaulis), Ramona horkelia (Horkelia truncata), Heart-leaved pitcher sage (Lepechinia cardiophylla), Felt-leaved pitcher sage (Monardella hypoleuca lanata), Chaparral nolina (Nolina cismontana), Gander's ragwort (Packera ganderi), Moreno currant (Ribes canthariforme), and Parry's tetracoccus (Tetracoccus dioicus).

Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026

From 2014-2026, a Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (MSP Roadmap) monitoring objective for 30 rare plant species is to inspect occurrences to determine management needs. The inspect and manage (IMG) objective is implemented to document the status of rare plant occurrences and assess habitats and threats to develop specific management recommendations. IMG monitoring is implemented by a combination of land managers and contracted biologists in coordination with the SDMMP. Available rare plant data is posted below. New annual updates are typically posted in March. Based upon an evaluation of these data, a 2014-2026 monitoring schedule has been developed for the 30 rare plant species (attached below). Coordinating data collection across the region allows analyses of species and population trends over time and provides a better understanding of the association between habitat and threat covariates and population dynamics.

Valley Fire Rare Plant Discovery Surveys

A project between the SDMMP and US Forest Service to establish and prioritize survey areas on Conserved Lands within the perimeter of the 2020 Valley Fire to document whether historic occurrences are extant and to discover new occurrences for 18 rare plant species. In 2022, AECOM and Conservation Biology Institute botanists surveyed areas for 18 target rare plant species and mapped the spatial extent of each new occurrence, counted or estimated the occurrence population size, and collected voucher specimens. They also photographed each new occurrence from a georeferenced location that captured a representative view of the occurrence. Botanists created a species list for the areas surveyed within the Valley Fire footprint. These areas included locations where rare plants were detected and mapped and negative data point areas where rare plants were not detected. In 2023, botanists shall again conduct surveys on suitable habitat on USFS lands burned in the 2020 Valley Fire. Results from these surveys should lead to a greater understanding of post-fire rare plant composition. In 2023, botanists may see species that did not emerge in the first year of surveys, and species found in the first year of surveys may have expanded their range. The 18 rare plant species included in the surveys are: San Diego thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia), Marvin's allium (Allium marvinii), Western spleenwort (Asplenium vespertinum), Deane's milkvetch (Astragalus deanei), Encinitas baccharis (Baccharis vanessae), San Diego goldenstar (Bloomeria clevelandii), Orcutt's brodiaea (Brodiaea orcuttii), Lakeside ceanothus (Ceanothus cyaneus), San Miguel savory (Clinopodium chandleri), Variegated dudleya (Dudleya variegata), Mission Canyon bluecup (Githopsis diffusa filicaulis), Ramona horkelia (Horkelia truncata), Heart-leaved pitcher sage (Lepechinia cardiophylla), Felt-leaved pitcher sage (Monardella hypoleuca lanata), Chaparral nolina (Nolina cismontana), Gander's ragwort (Packera ganderi), Moreno currant (Ribes canthariforme), and Parry's tetracoccus (Tetracoccus dioicus).

File name	Lead Author	Year	Type
County of San Diego MSCP Monitoring Summary Report January 1998 - June 2007	County of San Diego	2007	report
DRAFT EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT for the OTAY RANCH PRESERVE		2009	report
Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2014 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County	San Diego Management and Monitoring Program	2014	report
Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2015 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County	San Diego Management and Monitoring Program	2015	report
Summary Results of Rare Plant Field Monitoring City of San Diego MSCP		2009	fact sheet

Current Distribution Rangewide

Southwestern San Diego County into northern Baja California [1].

Known Populations in San Diego County

Twenty-three occurrences on conserved lands in MUs 3 (Crestridge Ecological Reserve, Marron Valley Mitigation Bank, Otay Lakes Cornerstone Lands, Mount Miguel Open Space, San Diego National Wildlife Refuge, Otay Ranch Preserve, Otay Mountain Ecological Reserve, Oneal Canyon Preserve, Rancho Jamul Ecological Reserve) , 4 (Mission Trails Regional Park, Rattlesnake Mountain, San Vicente Highlands Open Space Preserve), and 6 (Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve, San Diego National Wildlife Refuge, Escondido Creek Preserve, Rancho La Costa Habitat Conservation Area).

List Status

None [2].

Habitat Affinities

Elevation range is 50-465 meters [2]. Found in clay soils in chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grasslands, and vernal pool habitats.

Taxonomy and Genetics

Themidaceae family [2]. Previously Muilla clevelandii.

Life History Demography

Perennial bulbiferous herb [2].

Seasonal Phenology

Bloom period is April-May [2].

Threats

Threatened by urbanization, road construction, vehicles, nonnative plants, and illegal dumping [2].

Literature Sources

[1] Pires, J. C. 2016. Bloomeria clevelandii, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=15767, accessed on August 29, 2016.

[2] CNPS, Rare Plant Program. 2016. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v8-02). California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. http://www.rareplants.cnps.org, accessed 29 August 2016.